Gems and diamonds are often purchased to mark life’s most special moments, such as weddings, achievements, and celebrations,. So, every stone that people buy must be authentic, natural and fairly valued.
Ramchandra Patil, our next pathbreaker, Research Specialist and Gemologist at GSI (Gemological Science International), uses advanced instruments such as FTIR, Raman, PL, EDXRF, and UV-Vis-NIR for gemstone analysis, along with spectroscopic and microscopic examinations to verify a stone’s origin, authenticity, and treatments it has undergone.
Ramchandra talks to Shyam Krishnamurthy from The Interview Portal about his PhD in Physics, designing affordable Solar Thermal Systems for industrial processes, and the hands-on problem-solving that led him to the field of Gemology where his work contributes directly to building trust, fairness, and scientific credibility in the gem and jewellery industry.
For students, skills are as important as knowledge. Learn to work with your hands, tools, and instruments. Small experiments, simple projects, or fixing things at home can teach you more than you expect. Practical experience builds confidence and creativity.
Ramchandra, can you share your background with our young readers?
I grew up in a large joint family in Pendhar Gaon, near Taloja MIDC in Navi Mumbai. Our family’s primary occupation was farming, we cultivated vegetables in the summer and rice during the monsoon season. My father and uncle often devised creative fixes and homemade solutions to make farming tasks easier and more efficient. Watching them work on these practical innovations sparked my curiosity about how things function and how they can be improved.
At school, I discovered how science and technology could be applied to solve real-world problems, and I began to connect what I learned in the classroom with what I observed at home. This blend of academic learning and hands-on problem-solving in our fields inspired me to explore science more deeply and to apply it to practical challenges.
What did you do for graduation/post-graduation?
After completing my 12th in Science, I pursued a BSc in Physics from MPASC College, Panvel. I then completed my MSc in Physics from the Department of Physics, University of Mumbai.
For my MSc project, I worked on conducting polymer films for wearable electronics due to their flexibility, lightweight nature, and electrical conductivity; a fascinating area that bridges physics with real-world applications. My sincere approach and enthusiasm for research caught the attention of one of my examiners, who later offered to guide me for a PhD at the Institute of Chemical Technology (ICT), Matunga. At ICT, I carried out research on solar thermal technologies for industrial applications, which marked the true beginning of my journey as a researcher.
I also have a Diploma in Gemology from The Asitic Center of Gemological Services and a Graduate Pearls Diploma, Gemology from Gemological Institute of America.
What were some of the influences that led you to a career in Applied Physics?
My PhD mentor had a strong influence on the career path I chose. He often told me, “India is full of opportunities; every problem is a chance to find a new solution.” His words deeply inspired me and changed the way I looked at science.
During my research, I focused on designing affordable solar thermal systems to generate steam for industrial processes, providing a clean alternative to fossil fuels. The main challenge was achieving high performance while keeping costs low. Parabolic Trough Collectors (PTCs) can reach high temperatures but are expensive due to their tracking systems and evacuated receivers, while Compound Parabolic Collectors (CPCs) are simpler but tend to be bulky and less efficient.
To overcome these challenges, I developed an improved CPC design that reduced the collector height without compromising performance and used non-evacuated, air-filled receivers as a cost-effective alternative. By using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and an in-house ray tracing program, I optimized the system’s optical and thermal behavior. A prototype based on this design achieved over 32% efficiency, demonstrating strong potential for industrial-scale use.
This research showed that compact, low-cost solar collectors can effectively meet industrial heating needs while reducing both costs and emissions. It reinforced my belief that applied physics can directly enhance lives by turning scientific research into practical, sustainable solutions.
After completing my PhD, I continued collaborating with my mentor on industrial projects, applying scientific principles to solve real-world energy challenges. These experiences deepened my commitment to using science and technology to create practical and sustainable innovations.
Tell us about your career path.
After completing my PhD, I wanted to apply my research knowledge to real industrial challenges. I began my career by joining my PhD mentor as a consultant for chemical industries, where we developed solar thermal systems for process heat applications. This experience gave me valuable insights into industrial operations and the challenges of adopting new technologies.
Later, I worked on a research project to extract aluminum (Al), titanium (Ti), and iron (Fe) from red mud, a waste byproduct of aluminum production. This project provided me with hands-on experience in transforming industrial waste into valuable resources, contributing to cleaner and more sustainable manufacturing.
During this time, I realized that many professionals lacked opportunities for practical, innovation-driven learning. This motivated me to revisit my childhood dream of establishing a tinkering lab, a space that encourages hands-on learning and creative experimentation. I eventually left my job to set up an Innovation Lab focused on hands-on education and skill development. On my professor’s advice, I first collaborated with Marathi Vidnyan Parishad (MVP), where I conducted hands-on science and innovation programs. This experience helped me refine my approach and shape the concept for my own Innovation Lab dedicated to experiential learning and skill development.
I had just begun preparing to launch my lab when the COVID-19 pandemic struck, putting those plans on hold. One day, while speaking with a friend from the gem industry, we had earlier discussed how optics and optical experimental setups play a crucial role in gemology, and he mentioned a vacancy in his laboratory. Out of curiosity, I decided to explore this field for a short time until things normalized. But that “temporary phase” never ended; it turned into an entirely new journey.
I joined a gemological laboratory where gemstones are tested for authenticity. This unexpected opportunity opened a fascinating new chapter in my career, allowing me to merge my scientific expertise with the art and precision of the gem and jewelry world
How did you get your first break?
I wouldn’t say that I’ve had my big break yet, but soon after completing my PhD, I took my first meaningful step forward. My mentor invited me to work with him as a consultant for chemical industries, giving me the chance to apply my academic knowledge to real industrial challenges.
Together, we worked on developing solar thermal systems for process heat, aiming to make industrial operations more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly. Through this experience, I learned how scientific research can directly benefit industry and society by offering practical, sustainable solutions.
Although I consider myself still on the path toward my true breakthrough, that first project gave me confidence in my skills and strengthened my belief in using science to solve real-world problems.
What were some of the challenges you faced? How did you address them?
Every journey has challenges, and mine was no different. But I believe that every challenge is an opportunity to learn something new.
Challenge 1: Moving from Physics to Engineering
My academic background was in Physics, but my research involved many engineering concepts. At first, it was difficult to understand the technical language and engineering concepts. I spent extra time studying engineering principles, attending workshops, and learning from experienced professionals. Over time, I gained the necessary skills and confidence to handle interdisciplinary projects.
Challenge 2: My Innovation Lab shutting down during COVID-19
As I had just begun preparing to launch my Innovation Lab, aimed at helping students develop practical, hands-on skills, the COVID-19 pandemic struck, bringing everything to a standstill. I was deeply passionate about creating a space for experiential learning, but lockdowns and restrictions on gatherings made it impossible to move forward with the plan.
Instead of getting discouraged, I chose to remain open to new opportunities. During this period, I joined a gemological laboratory, where I learned about gemstone testing and certification. This unexpected experience opened the door to an entirely new field, allowing me to continue applying my scientific thinking and curiosity in a different context.
Challenge 3: Working with Senior Professionals
In my early days as a consultant, it was challenging to work with senior production professionals. As an R&D person and an outsider to their teams, I initially found it difficult to align my research-driven approach with their practical, experience-based methods. Many of them had been working in the industry for years, while I was a freshly graduated PhD learning to apply research in real-world settings. I realized that the key to bridging this gap was to listen, understand their perspective, and respect their experience. With time, open communication and collaboration helped build mutual trust and turn our differences into a strength.
Where do you work now?
I currently work at Gemological Science International (GSI) in Mumbai, where we test and analyze diamonds and colored gemstones to determine whether they are natural, treated, or synthetic. We also grade diamonds based on the 4Cs: Cut, Color, Clarity, and Carat weight to ensure quality and consistency. Our goal is to promote honesty and transparency in the gem and jewelry industry through accurate scientific testing and certification.
At GSI, we use advanced instruments such as FTIR, Raman, PL, EDXRF, and UV-Vis-NIR for gemstone analysis. Along with grading, we conduct spectroscopic and microscopic examinations to verify a stone’s origin, authenticity, and treatments.
Working at GSI allows me to blend science, technology, and precision to uncover each gemstone’s unique story, ensuring every gem is genuine, certified, and trustworthy.
What problems do you solve?
At Gemological Science International (GSI), I focus on ensuring authenticity and accuracy in the gem and jewelry industry. Many gemstones and diamonds in the market are treated, synthetic, or simulants, which impacts both buyers and sellers. A diamond simulant, diamond imitation or imitation diamond is a material that looks like or imitates a diamond and is either natural or manufactured. These stimulants differ in chemical composition, crystal structure, and optical and physical properties.
My work involves applying advanced scientific techniques to accurately determine each gemstone’s origin and treatments. This helps ensure that every stone is genuinly priced and ethically certified.
In addition, I contribute to the development of cost-effective testing solutions and software systems for gemstone laboratories in India. These innovations help reduce dependence on imported instruments, improve data accuracy, and make testing more efficient and affordable.
What skills are needed for this job, and how did I learn them?
Working in a gemological laboratory requires scientific knowledge, analytical thinking, and precision. My background in Physics helps me understand how instruments like FTIR, Raman, PL, EDXRF, and UV-Vis-NIR reveal gemstone properties.
I learned gemology and diamond grading by completing specialized courses at reputed gemological institutes, gaining expertise in microscopic examination, color grading, and inclusion analysis. Along with lab experience, I also developed data management and software skills to improve testing accuracy and efficiency.
Together, these abilities help me ensure reliable certification and drive innovation in gem testing technology.
What is a typical day like?
A typical day at Gemological Science International (GSI) begins with examining and testing diamonds and colored gemstones using advanced instruments such as FTIR, Raman, PL, and UV-Vis-NIR spectrometers. Each stone goes through multiple stages of analysis from visual inspection and microscopic observation to detailed spectroscopic testing to determine its origin, treatment history, and authenticity.
I also work on improving laboratory processes by developing software tools, optimizing testing methods, and exploring new technologies to make gemstone analysis more efficient and reliable.
Every day brings a mix of scientific investigation and creative problem-solving, and the most rewarding part is knowing that each test helps strengthen trust and transparency in the gem and jewellery industry
What do you love about your job?
My job feels like that of a scientific detective using science, technology, and visual observation to investigate each gemstone and uncover its true identity. Every stone holds clues about its origin, authenticity, and any treatments it has undergone, and finding those answers through spectroscopy, microscopy, and visual analysis is both challenging and exciting.
I enjoy the precision and focus this work demands, along with the continuous learning it offers across physics, chemistry, geology, and material science. Most of all, I take pride in knowing that my work helps build trust and transparency in the gem and jewelry industry.
How does your work benefit society?
My work contributes directly to building trust, fairness, and scientific credibility in the gem and jewelry industry. Gems and diamonds are often purchased to mark life’s most special moments, weddings, achievements, and celebrations, so every stone that people buy must be authentic, natural, and fairly valued.
At Gemological Science International (GSI), we ensure this through scientific testing and independent certification. Each gemstone undergoes detailed analysis to confirm its origin, authenticity, and any treatments or synthetic processes it may have undergone. By doing so, we protect consumers from fraud and help jewelers maintain honesty and transparency in trade.
Beyond testing, I also work on developing affordable, India-made analytical instruments for gemstone identification. This reduces dependence on imported tools and supports self-reliance in scientific innovation. Encouraging local development in gemological technology not only strengthens our research capabilities but also makes advanced testing more accessible to small laboratories across the country.
In a broader sense, my work helps society by combining science, technology, and ethics to promote fair trade practices. It ensures that beauty and value in gemstones are backed by truth and integrity, creating confidence for buyers and pride for India as a growing hub of gemological expertise.
Tell us an example of a specific, memorable work you did that is very close to you!
One of the most memorable and meaningful projects I have worked on was the development of a diamond screening machine for our laboratory.
Before this project, such machines were imported at almost six times the cost, making them prohibitively expensive and difficult for smaller laboratories to afford. Moreover, it was nearly impossible to suggest or implement any modifications to these imported systems, changes that could have simplified operation, improved efficiency, or increased throughput.
I saw this as an opportunity to create an indigenous, cost-effective, and flexible alternative. We collaborated with Mindron, a Surat-based technology company, to design and develop a machine capable of checking the authenticity of diamonds, distinguishing between natural and lab-grown stones. The process involved months of research, instrument calibration, performance testing, and benchmarking against international systems to ensure precision and consistency.
Since its introduction, more than 50 units have been deployed across GSI laboratories, collectively saving the organization crores of rupees in import and maintenance costs. Because the system was developed entirely in-house, we were able to integrate all desired features and operational refinements that directly enhanced usability and performance.
This project is especially close to my heart because it perfectly reflects my vision, using science and creativity to build affordable, high-performance technology solutions that strengthen research capabilities while promoting self-reliance. It reminds me that true innovation happens when knowledge meets purpose.
Lab-grown diamonds are not valued the same as natural diamonds, even though they share the same physical, chemical, and optical properties. The key difference lies in their origin, natural diamonds form deep within the Earth over billions of years, making them rare and valuable, while lab-grown diamonds are created in a few weeks using HPHT or CVD technology, making them more affordable and widely available.
Our instruments do not assign value or judge which is better; they simply determine whether a diamond is natural or lab grown. This identification is done by analyzing the diamond’s short-wave UV fluorescence response. The value of a diamond depends on market demand, rarity, and consumer preference, not on the testing result itself.
Lab-grown diamonds are a rapidly growing part of the jewelry industry, appreciated for being affordable, sustainable, and ethically produced. Many jewellery brands now include them in their collections. However, natural diamonds continue to hold a unique emotional and luxury appeal due to their rarity and geological origin, maintaining their prestige in the global market.
Your advice to students based on your experience?
The most valuable lesson I have learned is that curiosity is the beginning of all discovery. Always ask questions, even simple ones, because every great idea starts with curiosity. Don’t be afraid of failure; every mistake teaches you something important and moves you closer to success.
Remember, skills are as important as knowledge. Learn to work with your hands, tools, and instruments. Small experiments, simple projects, or fixing things at home can teach you more than you expect. Practical experience builds confidence and creativity.
Also, never stop learning. The world is changing fast, and new technologies are being developed every day. Stay open, stay adaptable, and keep improving yourself.
Most importantly, believe in yourself and your ideas. India has countless opportunities waiting for young minds who are curious, hardworking, and sincere. Your imagination, discipline, and courage can help you build something that not only shapes your future but also contributes to society.
Keep exploring, keep experimenting, and remember: innovation begins when you dare to ask “why not?”
Future Plans?
In the future, I aim to expand my Innovation Lab into a fully equipped space where students, young innovators, and professionals can come together to learn and experiment. My goal is to provide access to tools, instruments, and mentorship that help transform creative ideas into practical solutions.
My long-term vision is to create a network of innovation-driven learners who use science and technology to solve real-world problems and make India a global leader in practical, affordable, and sustainable innovation.