One of the biggest challenges facing space bound missions is the issue of space debris, which can destroy hundreds of millions of dollar’s worth of satellites in space and disrupt life on Earth as well !

ADITYA BARASKAR (Ph. D. Eng.), our next pathbreaker, Scientist and Global Business Lead at Orbital Lasers (Japan) and Seconded to Sky Perfect JSAT as Chief Scientist and Mission Designer, works as part of the world’s first Laser-based Space Debris removal project.

Aditya talks to Shyam Krishnamurthy from The Interview Portal about his work on a new concept called Energy Orbit, which is an innovative technology for space-to-space power transmission, aiming to deliver energy between satellites in orbit using laser (wireless) technology.

For students, working in space has been a dream for many, but lets all remember that it is you who can transform your dream to reality by staying committed to your vision !

Aditya, can you explain your background to our young readers?

I was born in a small town called Bhainsdehi in the Betul district of Madhya Pradesh. My parents were both government school teachers in the region, and education was always an important part of my upbringing. In the 6th grade, I had the opportunity to join Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya (JNV) Betul, a residential school where I completed my secondary and higher secondary education. During the 9th grade, I was selected for migration to JNV Kollam in Kerala as part of the Navodaya exchange program.

I was not a top-ranking student, but rather a lower than average performer in academics. However, I was always ambitious and curious about technology and space. Growing up, I didn’t have access to elite educational resources, but I made the most of the opportunities available to me. After completing school, I moved to Maharashtra to pursue a Bachelor of Engineering in Electronics and Telecommunication from Shramsadhana Bombay Trust, College of Engineering & Technology in Jalgaon.

At that time, Astronautics as a dedicated field of study was available only in a few top-tier institutions like IITs or premier aerospace colleges. However, I understood that every astronautics mission fundamentally depended on three key aspects: power, communication, and—if human spaceflight is involved—life support systems. With this realization, I chose Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, as it provided a strong foundation in communication and power systems, which are crucial for space technologies. This path eventually led me toward my specialization in space and rocket engineering.”

What did you do for graduation/post graduation?

I hold multiple degrees across various disciplines:

  • Bachelor of Engineering in Electronics and Telecommunication from North Maharashtra University, India.
  • Master of Engineering in Space Systems and Rocket Technology from Moscow Aviation Institute, Russia.
  • Master Diploma in GIS and Space Law from NALSAR, Hyderabad, India.
  • PhD in Engineering (Doctor of Engineering) from Kyushu University, Japan.
  • Postdoctoral Research at Kyushu University, Japan.

Additionally, I participated in the MEXT-sponsored entrepreneurship bootcamp, conducted in collaboration with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Harvard University, and Babson College USA, which provided valuable insights into technology commercialization and innovation in the space sector.

This diverse academic and entrepreneurial background has enabled me to contribute to various space-related advancements, particularly in space-based power transmission, laser applications, and active debris removal.

What were some of the influences that led you to such an offbeat, unconventional and uncommon career in Space Technologies?

My journey into space technology and engineering was influenced by a mix of key figures, significant events, and transformative experiences that led me to pursue this field.

A significant influence on my career choice was Mark Cuban, whose entrepreneurial mindset and emphasis on emerging technologies encouraged me to think beyond traditional business and explore futuristic innovations. Additionally, Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, who ardently advocated for Space Solar Power Station (SSPS) technology, played a pivotal role in shaping my vision. His forward-thinking perspective on aerospace and energy solutions inspired me to work on sustainable power transmission systems for space applications.

I was fortunate to receive guidance from Dr. Koichi Wakata, a renowned astronaut and former commander of the International Space Station (ISS). His expertise in space operations, robotics, and long-duration missions provided invaluable insights that reinforced my passion for developing impactful space technologies. He has consistently supported my work, offering guidance throughout my career. 

Another key mentor was my PhD advisor, Dr. Toshiya Hanada, whose groundbreaking work in space debris research has been instrumental in shaping global efforts for space sustainability. His expertise and mentorship have significantly influenced my research direction, particularly in active debris removal and orbital sustainability.

One of the defining moments that set me on this path was the 2011 Fukushima Earthquake and Nuclear Disaster in Japan. As the nuclear plant generated electricity, the accident caused a loss of energy for several localities. Not to mention the number of people who lost their lives due to the disaster. This catastrophic event exposed the vulnerabilities of terrestrial power infrastructure and highlighted the urgent need for alternative, resilient energy solutions. It led me to explore how space-based power generation, specifically “wireless” electricity could serve as a game-changing solution for disaster response and global energy security.

In 2012, I came across a research paper on Space Solar Power Station (SSPS) technology, which specifically discussed its potential for energy transmission in response to the 2011 Fukushima disaster. This paper was a turning point in my career—it solidified my commitment to working on space-based power transmission technologies and their practical applications. Since then, I have dedicated my research to advancing the concepts of Energy Orbit and Energy Satellites, focusing on laser-based power transmission between satellites.

These influences, mentors, and pivotal events collectively shaped my career trajectory, driving me to work on pioneering technologies that aim to revolutionize space power systems, laser applications, and active debris removal. My mission remains to contribute to the sustainable and efficient use of space for the betterment of life on Earth.

How did you plan the steps to get into the career you wanted? Or how did you make a transition to a new career? Tell us about your career path

From the very beginning of my academic journey, I adopted a research-driven approach to my work. During my early years as a bachelor’s student, I started writing articles for conferences, reading extensively on ongoing research, and engaging with researchers to understand how they reached their conclusions. While this process can be tedious at times, it provided me with a strong foundation for staying updated on current research trends and developments. I dedicated myself to understanding how research evolves and how emerging technologies could shape future innovations.

My interests have been very diverse, encompassing areas like machine learning, artificial intelligence, robotics, and space exploration. My eureka moment came when I read a paper on SSPS technology for wireless power transmission from space. Intrigued by its potential, I reached out to professors and researchers in Japan, Russia, and the USA, all of whom were publishing similar research articles. Their insights broadened my perspective on the future of space-based energy solutions.

At the same time, I worked to define my engineering capabilities, particularly in the domains of power and communication, both of which are crucial for space technologies. I understood that these two elements would play a vital role in shaping the future of space missions.

I gained practical experience through several internships, starting with All India Radio—a local radio broadcaster—where I learned the fundamentals of communication systems. My second internship at BSNL allowed me to explore the technical side of telecommunications within a larger organization. These hands-on experiences helped me connect theoretical knowledge to practical applications. Along the way, I also delved into programming and robotics, gaining valuable exposure to the development of autonomous systems.

I chose Moscow Aviation Institute (MAI), Russia, for my master’s because of its strong specialisation in space systems and rocketry, its legacy in Russian space expertise, and its hands-on training approach. Another major reason was the presence of professors working on SSPS technology, which aligned with my research interests. Additionally, coming from a middle-class family, I didn’t want to burden my family with the high cost of education—studying at a private institute in the U.S. would cost a minimum of $35,000–$50,000, whereas the same quality of knowledge could be obtained from highly skilled professors at public universities in countries like Russia, France, and Germany. Moreover, MAI has a rich history of developing aerospace and defense technologies, with its engineers contributing to systems used by Energia and Lavochkin for Roscosmos, as well as Sukhoi and MiG for next-generation fighter jets. Lastly, a significant factor was that MAI has the highest number of alumni who have become cosmonauts, making it a prestigious choice for anyone aspiring to contribute to space exploration or want to be astronaut. As it was a military institution, they didn’t have any foreign students. I was one of the first two international students who went to MAI

Additionally, I had the incredible opportunity to work in Russia on the TU-144 Supersonic aircraft, where I gained firsthand experience in aerospace technology. During my time there, I also collaborated with ROSCOSMOS, contributing to my master’s thesis.

The Tupolev TU-144 was one of the world’s first supersonic passenger aircraft, developed by the Soviet Union in the 1960s. Often compared to the Concorde, the TU-144 was actually the first commercial supersonic transport (SST) to fly, making its maiden flight in 1968, two months before Concorde. It had a maximum speed of Mach 2.15 and was designed for high-speed intercontinental travel. However, due to operational challenges, safety concerns, and economic issues, it was retired from passenger service after a brief period.

During my academic journey, I had the opportunity to intern at NIK (Research and Engineering Company) in Zhukovsky, Moscow, which provided support for the TU-144. My work primarily focused on structure designing and CAD-based training, where I learned about airframe design principles, aerodynamics, and load-bearing structures used in supersonic aircraft. This experience allowed me to understand how high-speed aerodynamics, thermal stresses, and material engineering play a critical role in aircraft development. Though the TU-144 was no longer in commercial use, the knowledge I gained from working on its design principles and engineering methodologies significantly contributed to my understanding of aerospace structures and high-speed flight dynamics.

My master’s thesis was on “The system for measuring and processing data for the thermal regimes of heat-loaded elements in the construction of space technology”, under the supervision of Professor Aleksey V. Nenarokomov. This research was part of satellite development and focused on Inverse Heat Transfer Problem (IHTP)-based sensor design, which enables spacecraft orientation detection using an ultra-low power system. Interestingly, my current work at Orbital Laser Co., Ltd., where we are developing laser-based detumbling technology, connects back to the fundamentals of my master’s research. At that time, I had no idea that my work on thermal-based spacecraft orientation control would later contribute to my expertise in controlling spacecraft using lasers. While technology evolves, the fundamental principles remain the same.

Additionally, my research was guided by experts from ROSCOSMOS, particularly those from Lavochkin Association, a leading Russian aerospace company specializing in interplanetary missions. They had been developing similar low-power orientation detection technologies for deep-space missions, where energy efficiency is crucial. This experience not only deepened my understanding of spacecraft thermal management and control systems but also provided real-world exposure to space mission engineering, which continues to influence my work today.

ROSCOSMOS (Russian State Corporation for Space Activities) is Russia’s national space agency, responsible for space exploration, satellite development, launch services, and interplanetary missions. It has played a key role in historic space programs, including Sputnik, Vostok (Yuri Gagarin’s mission), and the Soyuz spacecraft series. ROSCOSMOS collaborates with international space agencies and is actively involved in space station operations, planetary exploration, and future deep-space missions.

How did you decide to do a PhD and that too in Japan? Can you explain the problem statement of your PhD and your work? Was this for JSA?

My decision to pursue a PhD in Japan was somewhat coincidental and shaped by key interactions during my academic journey. While attending the Asia-Pacific Regional Space Agency Forum (APRSAF) in Bangalore, a government conference sponsored by ISRO and JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency), I presented my idea of formation-flying CubeSats for controlling space objects, including removal, de-orbiting, and orbital changes. During this event, I met a professor from JAXA who had written a research paper on SSPS. Inspired by his work, I asked him to mentor me. He later invited me to work under him after completing my master’s degree.

At the same time, I had the opportunity to speak with astronaut Koichi Wakata, who mentioned Professor Toshiya Hanada from Kyushu University—a leading researcher who had been working on SSPS and space debris management for over a decade. I was already familiar with Professor Hanada’s work, as he had contributed significantly to both orbital debris studies and SSPS technologies. Given our aligned research interests, I approached him with my vision for Energy Satellites and Energy Orbit, seeking his mentorship for my PhD. He was extremely supportive and open-minded, allowing me to work under his guidance. More importantly, he gave me the freedom to explore different methods and encouraged me to think creatively to solve complex problems.

Another reason for choosing Kyushu University was that it is a public university, making it an excellent choice for high-quality research without the financial burden of a private institution. Before joining Professor Hanada’s lab, I was mostly reading research papers but lacked real-world application experience. Under his guidance, I was able to expand my knowledge and apply my ideas to solve practical space engineering challenges.

The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) is Japan’s national space agency, responsible for space research, satellite development, launch vehicle operations, and planetary exploration. Formed in 2003 through the merger of three major aerospace organizations, JAXA has since become a global leader in space science and technology. The agency has been at the forefront of planetary exploration, with missions like Hayabusa and Hayabusa2, which successfully returned samples from asteroids Itokawa and Ryugu, respectively. JAXA also plays a key role in human spaceflight, contributing the Kibo module to the International Space Station (ISS) and collaborating on various global space initiatives. In addition, JAXA is actively researching SSPS, exploring microwave and laser-based power transmission technologies for future energy applications. Other notable missions include SLIM (Smart Lander for Investigating Moon), which focuses on precision lunar landing, and MMX (Martian Moons Exploration), aimed at studying Phobos and Deimos. With ongoing advancements in satellite technology, space debris mitigation, and next-generation launch vehicles, JAXA continues to contribute significantly to both scientific discovery and sustainable space development.

You did your PostDoc was on Space Debris. How did you choose this field and what did you do for your PostDoc ?

After completing my PhD, Professor Hanada gave me the opportunity to further my research in space debris detection using the Tomo-e-Gozen telescope, one of the most advanced wide-field optical telescopes in the world. Space debris is not only generated by collisions or leftover spacecraft, but also by self-destruction events due to internal failures, such as battery explosions or propellant tank ruptures. To study this, Professor Hanada was developing the NEODEEM, LEODEEM, and GEODEEM systems, which aimed to understand the post-breakup behaviour of satellites and how debris spreads in different orbital regions.

Interestingly, to validate these models, he and his colleagues conducted controlled debris explosion simulations in a specialized lab environment at the university. My role primarily involved tracking debris movements, identifying unknown objects in GEO (Geostationary Orbit), and analyzing simulation data. By comparing real debris tracking data with simulated explosion results, we could build a more comprehensive picture of space object behavior and improve space situational awareness.

However, I worked on this project for only a few months before shifting my focus toward developing real debris removal solutions using lasers. This led me to join SKY Perfect JSAT, where I began working on laser-based active debris removal (ADR) technologies with my background as Space laser, Debris and entrepreneurship, marking a significant transition from space debris tracking to debris mitigation and removal.

Every internship, every job, and every opportunity has brought me one step closer to the space sector. I started with small-scale projects, such as building thermal parts for small satellites and designing systems for NASA’s Mars ascent vehicle challenge. I then worked on a student satellite for debris detection, followed by projects on power transmission, lunar and Martian missions, and laser-based debris removal. Throughout these projects, I have focused on developing technologies that not only advance the space sector but also possess practical applications for the future.

My approach has always been straightforward: stay abreast of current technologies, follow cutting-edge research, and ensure that innovations are market-ready and investable. This mindset has shaped my career and continues to guide my work in space technology today.

How did you get your first break?

My first major break came when my paper was acknowledged by one of the prominent authors in the Space Solar Power Station (SSPS) community. This recognition was a significant milestone in my career, and it motivated me to establish my own venture focused on research and development. This step not only strengthened my credibility but also allowed me to push forward with my ideas and innovations in the space technology sector.

What were some of the challenges you faced? How did you address them?

Challenge 1: Research and Development

One of the major challenges I faced early on was staying at the forefront of research and development as a lack of research facilities in small universities. The rapidly evolving nature of space technology demanded constant learning and adaptation. To overcome this, I focused on identifying and reading the best research articles. I reached out directly to leading researchers via email to discuss their work and gain a deeper understanding of the technology. This approach helped me build a solid knowledge base and stay up-to-date with the latest advancements.

Challenge 2: Business Development Failures

As a researcher transitioning into entrepreneurship, I encountered significant challenges in business development. My first two startup ventures, both driven by a research-focused mindset, did not succeed. From these experiences, I learned invaluable lessons—most importantly, the importance of assembling a team of experts who complement each other’s skills. I recognized that while research and innovation are critical, having the right people on board with business expertise is essential for growth. I have since worked on building a strong, capable team that works together towards a common goal.

Challenge 3: Going to Space

A big challenge is, making my way into space and to be an astronaut. While I am still working on the details, I am confident that I am on the right path. With time, perseverance, and continued focus, I believe I will achieve my goal of contributing directly to space missions and technologies. I consider every step, whether a success or setback, as part of the journey to my ultimate objective.

These challenges have shaped my growth both as a researcher and an entrepreneur, and I continue to adapt, learn, and innovate.

Where do you work now? 

Current Role and Responsibilities

I am currently developing cutting-edge technologies for the space sector, which requires me to juggle multiple roles across different organizations. My time is divided between several key positions:

I am a Scientist and Global Business Lead at Orbital Lasers Co., Ltd., Japan. As a scientist and engineer, I develop advanced technology using high-power lasers to remove space debris without physical contact.My work involves designing laser systems to safely and effectively target and remove debris in orbit, making space safer and ensuring satellites can operate properly. 

I am also Chief Scientist at Sky Perfect JSAT, Japan now ( Seconded). A seconded employee is a person who is temporarily assigned by their employer to work for another organization, department, or project while still remaining employed by their original company.

At RIKEN (Japan), I am a Visiting Scientist and also a Director at Entropy Research and Development Pvt. Ltd., India

Sky Perfect JSAT Corporation is the largest satellite operator in the Asia-Pacific (APAC) region, specializing in satellite communication and broadcasting services. Established in 1985, the company manages a fleet of geostationary satellites providing services such as direct-to-home broadcasting, data communication, internet services, and Earth observation. Sky Perfect JSAT plays a critical role in supporting telecommunications infrastructure across Japan and the APAC region. Additionally, the company is expanding its operations to include Low Earth Orbit (LEO) and High Altitude Platform Stations (HAPS), broadening its service offerings. Sky Perfect JSAT is also heavily involved in space debris management and space sustainability, while continuing to drive innovation in collaboration with commercial and government sectors.

RIKEN is a leading multi-disciplinary research institute in Japan, established in 1917, known for its groundbreaking contributions across physics, chemistry, biology, and engineering. RIKEN’s achievements include the discovery of nihonium (Nh), the first element discovered in Japan, and its work with high-energy physics at the RIKEN Heavy Ion Accelerator Facility. The institute is also involved in space laser technologies for applications like space debris removal. RIKEN operates the SPring-8 synchrotron, a world-leading X-ray radiation facility, and houses Fugaku, the world’s fastest supercomputer, supporting advancements in AI, quantum computing, and scientific simulations.

I also mentor and provide investment strategy development for leading AIF-VC funds across Japan, India, and the USA

What Problems Do You Solve?

I am focused on developing laser technologies for space applications with multiple purposes. My work includes using lasers for:

  • Controlling targets or debris in space without physical contact
  • Wireless power transmission across space
  • Creating real-time, 3D Earth maps for applications like Earth observation and resource management

What Skills Are Needed for This Job? How Did You Acquire Them?

To excel in this field, you need a strong foundation in research and business strategy, combined with the ability to adapt and learn from failures. Over time, I have honed my research capabilities by engaging with experts, attending conferences, and reading extensively. The entrepreneurial and strategic side of my work has been shaped through practical experience—both successes and setbacks—allowing me to continuously improve my understanding of market needs and technological applications.

What’s a Typical Day Like?

A typical day begins at 9 AM, where I start by checking and replying to emails. The rest of the day involves reading research papers, conducting experiments, developing business plans, and meeting with partners to discuss collaboration strategies and technology integration. My workday often stretches until 9-10 PM, and on Saturdays, I dedicate time to working with invested startups, helping them grow. Sundays are reserved for personal time.

What Do You Love About This Job?

What excites me most about this job is the freedom to explore new ideas and technologies. Every day brings new challenges, which keeps the work dynamic and intellectually stimulating. The opportunity to solve complex problems and contribute to the future of space technology is incredibly rewarding.

How does your work benefit society? 

As a developer of futuristic technologies, my work aims to revolutionize the way we think about space and energy. I am focused on creating laser-based space solutions, and I believe that the next major technological breakthrough, following AI and robotics, will be in power transmission—and I’m not talking about small-scale power. I’m envisioning mega- and gigawatt-level power transmission. This has the potential to greatly benefit society in several ways.

For instance, today’s devices, like mobile phones, carry batteries that account for 50-70% of their weight, creating a barrier to technological advancement. We need electricity 24*7 on earth, but it also has to be from a renewable and sustainable source. So, why not generate electricity in space using solar power? Wireless power, similar to how Wi-Fi works, can reduce the mass and volume of these devices while increasing their computational power. This would unlock possibilities for new innovations in a wide range of industries.

In the satellite industry, my technology could enable space-based power transmission, where satellites in Energy Orbit (a concept I’m developing through Entropy Research & Development Pvt. Ltd.) would receive continuous power. This could potentially solve long-term energy supply issues in space, facilitating future space exploration, including moon and Mars missions, by enabling space-to-surface electricity transfer.

Can you explain the concept of Energy Orbit?

Energy Orbit is an innovative concept for space-to-space power transmission, aiming to deliver energy between satellites in orbit using laser technology. The core idea is to create a system where energy can be transmitted wirelessly over large distances in space, enabling satellites to share or receive power from one another, enhancing the efficiency of space missions. This concept is particularly relevant for space solar power systems (SSPS), where energy harvested from the Sun by a satellite could be transmitted to another satellite or to Earth, facilitating sustainable energy solutions for both space and Earth-based applications.

Energy Orbit leverages the use of laser beams for high-precision, high-efficiency power transmission, even over vast distances in the vacuum of space. The approach not only focuses on power transfer but also explores the potential to support inter-satellite power networks, reducing reliance on traditional solar arrays and extending the operational life of satellites. This concept represents a significant advancement toward space-based energy infrastructure, with long-term applications for future space exploration, sustainability, and inter-satellite power-sharing.

Additionally, at Orbital Lasers Co., Ltd. in Japan, I am working on space debris removal technology, which uses satellite mounted lasers to clear space garbage, and manoeuvre satellites to avoid any collisions and accidents. This application utilizes lower power and different laser technologies to remove debris without physical contact, which is crucial for the sustainability of space exploration. Space Debris can destroy hundreds of millions of dollar’s worth of satellites in space and disrupt life on Earth as well

Our team is proud to be the only one in the world actively developing such a technology to tackle space junk, created by old satellites, rocket fuselages, and the likes.

Lastly, as an active investor, I support individuals and teams that share the same vision. While I can’t personally work on every project, I see potential in others and provide financial backing to help them grow and develop their technologies. My role as both a scientist and investor allows me to contribute to advancing technologies that can have a meaningful impact on society, the environment, and the future of space exploration.

Tell us an example of a specific memorable work you did that is very close to you!

Fortunately, I am actively engaged in multiple international government frameworks that are working on the development of critical guidelines for in-orbit servicing, assembly, manufacturing, and debris removal. These frameworks are essential to ensuring the sustainability and long-term viability of space operations. My role involves contributing to the strategic planning and technological development of these initiatives, particularly focusing on how future space systems should function in a global, interconnected environment.

I am developing methodologies to enhance international collaboration in space, ensuring that these systems are not only efficient and effective but also harmonized across different space agencies, companies, and countries. This includes working on standardization, interoperability, and sustainability of space missions. By focusing on these global synergies, I aim to ensure that space exploration, satellite servicing, and debris mitigation are coordinated efforts that benefit the entire spacefaring community, while minimizing environmental risks in orbit.

Your advice to students based on your experience?

Don’t overthink the process of achievement—just immerse yourself in the flow of things. Focus on your long-term vision and stay committed to finding the right path forward. Life is like a river of time, and sometimes, you just have to go with its flow. Be open to the opportunities that come your way, and don’t be afraid to take risks or make mistakes. Every experience, whether positive or challenging, will teach you something valuable. Along the way, you’ll inevitably achieve something meaningful. And through this journey, you will also fulfill your broader vision.

The key is persistence and adaptability. Stay curious and embrace learning, because the journey is just as important as the destination. Trust the process and don’t be discouraged by setbacks—each challenge is an opportunity for growth. Keep your eyes on the bigger picture, but also enjoy the small wins along the way. Success isn’t a linear path, and often, it’s the winding road that leads to the most rewarding experiences.

Future Plans?

Since childhood, I’ve dreamed of becoming an astronaut, and that dream continues to drive me as I navigate my career, shifting direction when necessary but always staying focused on my goal. My future plans include developing a full-scale Energy Orbit constellation, which will enable efficient space-based power transmission. I also aim to support and mentor deep-tech founders as they push the boundaries of innovation. Above all, I want to enjoy the journey—embracing every opportunity and challenge along the way, and continuously learning and growing as I pursue my passion for space and technology.