Coal Mining provides a stable supply of a critical energy resource, which powers industries and homes, contributing to economic stability and growth.

Shreya Mukherjee, our next pathbreaker, talks about her past role as Mining Geologist at Hindalco Industries Ltd, with the objective of implementing and overseeing initiatives for ensuring the production of high-quality coal.

Shreya talks to Shyam Krishnamurthy from The Interview Portal about how her experiences led her to a pursue doctoral degree at Georgia Institute of Technology (Atlanta, USA) where she will be working closely with the TECHtonics research group to study the rich tectonic history of the Eastern Himalayas.

For students, as we transition from our dependency on fossil fuels to sustainable energy, there will be an increased demand for geologists who specialize in the field of earth sciences !

Shreya, can you share your background with our young readers?

I grew up in a small town by the banks of the Hooghly River, just 20 kilometres away from the bustling city of Calcutta in West Bengal. My family played a big role in shaping my interests – my mother is a geography teacher and my father had a deep interest in economics and world affairs. This environment fostered my curiosity about the world from a very young age. Besides, we were a family that valued travel, making it a point to take at least one vacation each year. Whether it was the mountains or the beach, my mother always shared fascinating insights about the places we visited, further fuelling my interest in Earth Sciences.

However, my interest in Geosciences truly began when I found a book called “The Earth, How It Formed and What’s Within?” at a book fair my mother took me to. This book sparked my imagination and made me think a lot about the dynamic processes that shape our planet.

My hobbies included travelling with my parents, which soon led me to develop a knack for photography, capturing memories of our journeys. Another habit I developed early on was reading books and writing down my thoughts, which has now evolved into a passion for writing. Today, I try to maintain a blog where I write simple science articles to explain everyday phenomena, making science accessible and interesting to others. 

What did you do for graduation/post-graduation?

Over the years, I’ve often reflected on the decision I made after graduating from school. Despite having numerous opportunities to pursue engineering, I was resolute in my choice to follow a different path. While I had a deep passion for physics and mathematics, it was Earth Sciences that truly captivated my heart. I decided to forgo opportunities at prestigious colleges and patiently waited for my chance to study Geology at Jadavpur University, Kolkata. Thereafter, I pursued a Bachelor of Science in Geological Sciences, graduating in 2020, and continued my education by completing a Master of Science in Applied Geology from the same institution in 2022.

What were some of the key influences that led you to such an offbeat, unconventional and cool career as Geologist?

My primary goal was to explore the practical applications of my field and understand how it benefits the world. What influenced my choice to enter the mining industry were some of my closest seniors from university. They shared their experiences and gave me a glimpse into the mining domain, which sparked my interest and guided me towards this exciting career path. 

Throughout my career, I have been fortunate to have several mentors who guided me. My closest senior from my university, who later became a senior colleague, played a significant role in my growth. My manager also supported me greatly, giving me the freedom to approach tasks in my way. The inclusive and supportive environment created by my mostly male colleagues during my tenure in the mining industry was also crucial to my development.

In my personal life, my mother has been my biggest cheerleader, inspiring me with her drive to be independent. My friends, despite having limited knowledge of mining, stood by me and encouraged me during challenging times. Additionally, friends, seniors, and mentors in the core field of geology have helped me gain practical insights beyond textbooks and theory.

Field Visit to Chromite Mines: One event that significantly influenced my decision to pursue a career in the mining industry was a visit to an underground chromite mine in Odisha during my Master’s field trip. Witnessing first-hand where the ores, which are the backbone of the Indian manufacturing industry, come from was a profound experience. This grounding moment made me realize the importance of mining and sparked my desire to join the industry.

International Representation: In 2022, I had the honour of being the only geologist selected to represent my country at the International Petroleum Technology Conference (IPTC) Education Week in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. This opportunity was a major milestone in my career. During this event, I interacted with professionals from the Oil and Gas sector as well as those from the emerging Mining industry in Saudi Arabia. 

Saudi Arabia, located over the Arabian Shield, is not only rich in oil but also possesses a wealth of critical minerals. These minerals are poised to become increasingly important as we move towards a net-zero carbon green economy. Engaging with experts in both oil and gas and mining industries provided me with valuable insights into the global landscape of natural resource extraction. It also highlighted the significant role that mining will play in sustainable development.

Early Challenges and Discoveries

During my initial undergraduate years, I faced my fair share of challenges as I adjusted to the vastness of Geology. Unlike core sciences, Geology demands a great deal of imagination, questioning, and a broader perspective. This was a significant shift from what I was used to, and it took some time to adapt. However, by the time I reached my Master’s program, I had developed a deep love for various facets of the subject. 

Balancing Passion and Practicality

In the Indian education system, it’s common to study certain subjects primarily to earn high credit scores rather than out of genuine interest. I experienced this first-hand, as some courses were pursued solely for their academic value, while others truly ignited my intellectual curiosity. Despite this, I found a way to balance both, ensuring that my passion for Geology remained at the forefront of my academic journey.

Impact on Career Path

My experiences have reinforced my commitment to Earth Sciences and expanded my understanding of its global importance. They taught me the value of seeing the bigger picture and staying informed about global trends and innovations. This knowledge has been instrumental in shaping my approach to my career, emphasizing the importance of continuous learning, adaptability, and the pursuit of sustainable practices in all domains. 

How did you plan the steps to get into the career you wanted? Or how did you make a transition to a new career? Tell us about your career path

Starting out: Education and Early Decisions

After completing my Master’s in Applied Geology, I was determined to start a career that allowed me to apply my knowledge in a practical setting. I chose to embark on an industrial career as a Mine Geologist, and in 2022, I joined Hindalco Industries Limited through the Aditya Birla Leadership Program. My role as an Assistant Manager in Technical and Planning at Gare Palma IV/4 Mines allowed me to gain expertise in Geology, Coal Quality Control, and Mine Planning.

Building Expertise and Achievements

One of the most rewarding moments in my mining career was being named one of the Star Graduate Engineering Trainees (GET) in 2023 at Hindalco Industries Limited. This recognition was an incredible validation of my efforts. It’s important to understand that companies value more than just results; they also look for smart work, a positive attitude towards learning, strong management skills, and an inquisitive nature that drives innovative thinking.

Expanding Skills: Becoming a Drone Pilot

Another significant milestone in my career was becoming a DGCA-certified drone pilot. I was proud to be the first woman drone pilot in my company. The experience of flying the drone in the scorching heat of the Chhattisgarh region and creating digital 3D models from the captured images was incredibly fulfilling. 

Continuous Learning and Adaptation

Success in this field requires perseverance and determination. As a geologist, it’s crucial to stay updated with the latest global mining operations and continuously seek ways to incorporate new ideas into your work. I have attended several conferences, both in-person and virtual, where I gained insights that helped me form a clear picture of the modern mining industry. These conferences emphasized the growing need for Industry 4.0, sustainable mining initiatives and the roadmap for India as we grow into one of the strongest economies in the world.

Looking Ahead

My journey from being a student to becoming a professional in the mining industry has been shaped by a series of well-planned steps, continuous learning, and the support of mentors and peers. The combination of practical experience, continuous learning, and a supportive network has been key to my career development and will continue to guide me in my future endeavours. 

How did you get your first break?

I believe breaks are something we create, and I have been fortunate to create many such opportunities throughout my academic and professional journey. My first significant break came when I secured virtual internships at IISER Pune and IISC Bangalore during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Balancing university classes and internships simultaneously was challenging, but it pushed me to understand my limits and capabilities.

During this time, I also attended a summer roundtable on Isotope Geochemistry conducted by the University of Texas at Austin. This experience broadened my understanding of geochemistry and allowed me to connect with experts in the field, further fuelling my passion for geology. Another pivotal moment was my visit to Saudi Arabia for the International Petroleum Technology Conference in 2022. There, I learned the importance of communication skills. The greatest lesson I learned came from a seminar: “Opportunities do not walk to you – you climb the stairs to reach them. To ensure you start walking those stairs, you need to raise your hand every time a bell rings.”

Later in 2022, I landed my first job at Aditya Birla Group through campus placement. This achievement was especially meaningful because I served as the placement coordinator for my department. Initially, the ABG Group had already conducted its placement drive for engineering students, and the chances of them returning to geology students seemed slim. However, through our persistent efforts, they came back and recruited seven students from our department.

These experiences taught me that breaks are not just handed to you; they are created through hard work, determination, and seizing every opportunity that comes your way.

What were some of the challenges you faced? How did you address them?

One significant challenge that I, like many students, faced was the COVID-19 pandemic. It was a difficult and anxiety-prone time for all Indian students. I remember preparing for my bachelor’s final semester examinations when everything was suddenly delayed indefinitely. The uncertainty about our exams and the Master’s entrance process was overwhelming. My JAM results did not secure me a spot at my desired college, so I hoped to re-enrol at Jadavpur University, known for its high-quality education in my subject. However, as a state university, its schedule depended on regulations from both the State and Central governments, and our final exams were delayed by six months. Those six months were some of the most challenging times I’ve faced. I felt unmotivated and deeply affected by the constant news of deaths around me. Reflecting back, it was an unproductive period in my career, and I wish I had someone to mentor me towards pursuing internships or other academic training. I eventually taught myself software like Adobe Illustrator and QGIS, but the constant thought of being left behind weighed heavily on me. With support from my mother and some seniors, I tried to make the best of the situation and not be too hard on myself.

As the Indian academic system slowly adapted to the pandemic and the digital mode, I was admitted to the Master’s program at Jadavpur University in December 2020. My classes began on January 12, 2021, and just two days later, I lost my father unexpectedly. I was in shock and didn’t know how to react. My mother became my pillar of strength during this difficult time as we were left to navigate our loss largely on our own due to the ongoing pandemic. Most relatives couldn’t be there for us, and I remember dealing with much of it alone with my mother. Having missed several classes, I had to quickly catch up. Our Master’s program, delayed by the pandemic, compressed three semesters into one year to finish on time. I grappled with grief, anxiety about my future and career, and the frequent exams. I experienced a major breakdown, had panic attacks and struggled with depression. My mother, along with my school friends and supportive college friends, helped me through this difficult period. I also found a great mentor who helped me secure internships at reputed institutions and guided me in preparing CVs and writing SOPs. With her help, I was selected for a summer roundtable at the University of Texas Austin and the International Petroleum Technology Conference 2022. Looking back, that stressful time was also rewarding. I am proud not only of my achievements but of the fact that I never stopped trying.

The third challenge I faced was transitioning to office life. Having always lived and studied in Kolkata, moving out of the city was difficult. I had to confront my fears and inhibitions, but it turned out to be the best decision as it pushed me out of my comfort zone and helped me grow. Adapting to life in a mining village was especially challenging. Leaving the glamour of city life and settling in a small village, where basic necessities required a 60-kilometre trip to the nearest city, was tough. In today’s world, it’s easy to compare oneself to others based on social media and judge yourself harshly. I went through this, but gradually grew to love the pure and fresh village air. More importantly, I began to appreciate my job’s global significance. Interacting with the local and tribal communities turned into a very positive experience. This experience, though challenging initially, taught me minimalism, a value I strive to practice today and in the future.

Where Do You Work Now?

I worked at Hindalco Industries Limited, a metal flagship company of the multinational conglomerate Aditya Birla Group. I served as a Geologist in the position of Assistant Manager until June 17, 2024.

What Problems Do You Solve?

As a geologist, my primary responsibility was to ensure the quality of coal produced from the mines. Given that our mine was captive (Captive Mines: Captive mines are the mines that are owned by companies. The coal or mineral produced from these mines is for the exclusive use of the owner company of the mines), we could only supply coal to the company’s power plant. This role involved several key challenges and responsibilities:

Ensuring High-Quality Coal Production

Quality Control: One of my main tasks was to implement and oversee initiatives that ensured the production of high-quality coal. By doing so, we aimed to reduce raw material procurement costs significantly. High-quality coal is essential not only for cost efficiency but also for its environmental benefits, such as producing fewer carbon dioxide emissions when burned in the power plant.

Monitoring and Analysing Coal Seams

Geological Mapping: As the mine expanded, the characteristics of the coal seam continuously changed. It was crucial to have an accurate understanding of the coal seams’ presence and disposition. This involved extensive geological mapping and analysis to predict and manage these changes effectively.

Environmental Rehabilitation and Monitoring

Land Rehabilitation: Ensuring that we did more than enough for the rehabilitation of mined land was a parallel part of my role. We implemented various land rehabilitation strategies to restore the environment after mining operations.

Environmental Standards: Monitoring the impact of our operations on air quality, water resources, and the surrounding community was critical. We had to ensure that all environmental standards were consistently met and maintained. This included regular environmental assessments and the implementation of measures to mitigate any negative impacts.

Advancing Digitization in Mining

Industry 4.0 Techniques: Modernizing our operations through the introduction of Industry 4.0 techniques was another vital task. Mining still has a lot of potential for growth in digitalization, and integrating advanced technologies such as automation, data analytics, and IoT (Internet of Things) was crucial for improving operational efficiency and safety. I was also the first female drone pilot in the company and ensured that we were able to reap the benefits of the industrial drones present with us. 

By addressing these challenges, I contributed to the company’s goals of producing high-quality coal, minimizing environmental impact, and advancing the digital transformation of mining operations. My role required a balance of technical expertise, environmental stewardship, and innovative thinking to ensure sustainable and efficient mining practices.

What skills are needed for the job? How did you acquire them?

The role of a geologist at Hindalco Industries Limited requires a diverse set of skills to manage the various responsibilities effectively. Here are the key skills needed for the job and how I acquired them:

a. Project Management

  • Managing multiple projects simultaneously is crucial in this role.
  • I developed project management skills through hands-on experience, overseeing numerous initiatives and ensuring they were completed on time and within budget. I also undertook training in project management methodologies from Coursera.

b. People Management

  • Supervising and coordinating a large team of workmen required strong people management skills.
  • I honed these skills by leading teams in various projects, and learning how to motivate, delegate, and resolve conflicts. Training sessions and mentorship from my managers further enhanced my abilities.

c. Presentation Skills

  • Effective communication and presentation skills are essential in any job today.
  • I polished my presentation skills by frequently presenting project updates and proposals to senior management. I also attended workshops focused on public speaking and effective communication.

d. Strategic Thinking

  • Developing strategies to improve operations and achieve business goals is a key aspect of the job.
  • I cultivated strategic thinking through continuous learning and by working closely with senior leaders. Reading industry reports, participating in strategy meetings, and analysing market trends helped me think more strategically.

e. Business Acumen

  • Understanding the business side of operations is crucial for making informed decisions.
  • I acquired business acumen by studying company reports, and financial statements, and through direct involvement in business planning processes. 

f. Decision Making

  • Making timely and informed decisions is vital for operational success.
  • I improved my decision-making skills through practical experience, making numerous operational decisions and learning from both successes and failures. Guidance from mentors and feedback from peers also played a significant role.

g. Flexibility and Inquisitiveness

  • Being flexible to try new things and having the curiosity to learn beyond the technical subject is important for growth.
  • I embraced flexibility and inquisitiveness by taking on diverse roles and responsibilities. I explored cross-functional areas, attended interdisciplinary training, and conferences and constantly sought to learn new software, technologies and methodologies.

These skills collectively enabled me to perform effectively in my role and contribute to the company’s success.

What Is a typical Day Like?

While I was on the job, my day typically began around 6:00-6:30 am. When I lived near the office, the commute was just a 15-minute drive, allowing me to reach the office by around 8:50 am. After having breakfast there, my workday officially started at 9:00 am. My mornings usually included a 40-50-minute round at the mines to inspect operations. 

Throughout the day, I attended various team meetings, which varied daily, and sometimes participated in virtual training sessions. I also made it a point to visit the Quality Control lab regularly and engage with all my department members. Interacting with other department teams was crucial to stay updated on the progress of projects that required their input.

My workday typically ended around 5:15-5:30 pm. After moving to the nearest city, I faced a longer commute, travelling 60 kilometres each way. This meant I had to leave home by 7:30 am and would return by 7:30 pm. Though the travel was somewhat stressful, I managed my evenings efficiently. After reaching home, I cooked dinner, spent time talking with friends and family, and then focused on personal learning. I believed in smart work and always ensured that I did not bring office work home, maintaining a healthy work-life balance.

What do you love about this job?

What I loved most about this job was the opportunity to work closely in the field and be immersed in nature. The hands-on aspect of geology allows me to observe and analyse geological formations directly, which is incredibly fulfilling. Additionally, the job involves a lot of travel, enabling me to explore different regions and geological landscapes. These elements were among the main reasons I chose to pursue geology, and they continue to fuel my passion for the field.

How does your work benefit the society?

The work of a coal mining geologist significantly benefits society in several ways. Firstly, by ensuring the efficient and responsible extraction of coal, my work provided a stable supply of a critical energy resource, which powers industries and homes, contributing to economic stability and growth. We play a crucial role in identifying and managing coal seams to maximize yield and minimize waste, thereby optimizing resource utilization. Furthermore, geologists are integral in maintaining environmental standards and implementing sustainable mining practices. We assess and mitigate the environmental impact of mining activities, ensuring that air and water quality are protected and that land rehabilitation is conducted properly. This contributes to the health and well-being of local communities and the broader ecosystem. Additionally, coal mining geologists support technological advancements and the implementation of Industry 4.0 solutions, which enhance the safety, efficiency, and sustainability of mining operations. Through my work, it helps to balance the demand for energy with the need to protect the environment and support the transition to more sustainable energy practices.

Tell us about a specific memorable work experience that is very close to you

There are many memorable experiences, but one that stands out is when we faced a significant quality crisis in our mines. We had dispatched coal of notably lower quality than expected to the plant, which resulted in substantial backlash. After multiple business meetings and a thorough root cause analysis, we identified it as an operational issue.

My team immediately addressed the problem and implemented several new initiatives to prevent recurrence. Our efforts paid off as we subsequently delivered consistently high-quality coal to the plant. Our hard work was recognized, and we were awarded third prize in the “Learning from Failure” competition within the overall mining business. This experience was particularly close to me as it demonstrated the power of teamwork, resilience, and continuous improvement.

Your advice to students based on your experience

Based on my experience, my advice to students is to always follow their hearts. Choosing an educational path solely for its success potential, without genuine interest, is not advisable. It’s essential to explore and understand the field you’re passionate about before making a decision. Talking to professionals already in that field can provide valuable insights.

Networking is also crucial. Platforms like LinkedIn are excellent for connecting with individuals in your chosen field. I started utilizing LinkedIn much later in my career and regret not doing so earlier. Many people are willing to share their knowledge and guide you if you reach out to them.

Finding a suitable mentor can significantly impact your career. A mentor doesn’t have to be a professor or teacher; it could be a senior with a career trajectory similar to your aspirations. I found my mentor later in my career, and their guidance was invaluable.

Staying updated with the latest developments in your field is also important. Reading scientific papers and articles can broaden your understanding and keep you informed about new advancements.

Always be proactive and ready to raise your hand for any opportunity, whether it’s a job, position, or scholarship. Participation in extracurricular activities and having hobbies are important, as many employers look for well-rounded individuals. Hobbies indicate passion and involvement in student clubs can showcase your management, leadership, and communication skills.

Future plans

After a successful career in the mining industry, my passion for geology has driven me to pursue a doctoral degree in the subject. I have been accepted into the School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences at Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA, where I received a fully funded position. At Georgia Tech, one of the best research institutes in the world, I will work closely with the TECHtonics research group to study the rich tectonic history of the Eastern Himalayas in India.

My pursuit of a PhD in Earth Sciences is fuelled by a commitment to making a positive impact. By integrating geomorphology, tectonics, structural geology, sedimentology, and geochemistry, I aim to advance our understanding of Earth’s systems using field-based, laboratory, and numerical modelling techniques. I am particularly interested in exploring the interplay between tectonics, erosion, and climate, which shape Earth’s surface and shallow crust over time.

Through my research, I seek to bridge the gap between theory and practical applications in Earth Sciences, addressing fundamental questions and real-world challenges, especially those related to climate change. By promoting informed decision-making and sustainable resource management, I hope to foster a more resilient and harmonious coexistence between humanity and the environment, contributing to a brighter future for generations to come.