Sustainability Engineering draws upon a diverse blend of skills encompassing Chemical Engineering, Environmental Engineering, as well as proficiency in technical fields like Computer Science/Mathematics !
Vaibhav Kumar, our next pathbreaker, Post-Doctoral Research Associate at the USDA Forest Product Laboratory in Madison (Wisconsin, USA), focuses on sustainable manufacturing methods for mass timber, an engineered wood product with applications in the construction industry, with the goal of reducing carbon emissions in the supply chain of consumer goods.
Vaibhav talks to Shyam Krishnamurthy from The Interview Portal about how computational tools are changing the game, by diligently calculating the impact of global warming, helping in design of eco-friendly manufacturing processes, and optimizing supply chains for sustainability.
For students, your work has the power to shape a future where sustainable practices and environmental stewardship are not only the norm but also the driving force behind a more prosperous and equitable world.
Vaibhav, Your background?
I am a young researcher with more than 7 years of experience in sustainability engineering, data analytics, supply chain optimization, operational research, and computer-aided process system engineering (PSE).
I hail from Bareilly, a quaint town nestled in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. My parents come from humble backgrounds. Despite this, my mother, who worked as a teacher, consistently motivated me to excel in my academic pursuits. Within the framework of my large family, where I share my journey with four siblings, my mother emerges as the luminary figure who has illuminated my path to success. As the sole breadwinner in our household, she carried the weight of our collective dreams and aspirations with unparalleled grace and determination. Her unyielding support and relentless encouragement have been the driving forces behind my determination to reach greater heights.
Throughout my journey, my mother has remained my confidant and unwavering source of strength. Her enduring love and belief in my capabilities have not only fueled my ambition but have also imbued me with a profound sense of gratitude and purpose. I owe my achievements to her unwavering support, and I take solace in knowing that no matter the challenges that lie ahead, her guidance and unwavering belief in me will continue to light my way. In her, I find an irreplaceable cornerstone of my life’s narrative, a testament to the enduring power of maternal love and unwavering support.
From a young age, my fervent passion was to pursue a career in cricket. However, life had a different trajectory in mind for me.
What did you do for graduation/ post-graduation?
I’m the first person in my extended family to earn a PhD. My academic journey commenced at the government college in Bareilly known as IET MJPRU Bareilly, where I embarked on the path to earning a BTech in Chemical Engineering. This educational voyage acquainted me with the intricacies of chemical engineering principles, unveiling how essential facets of our daily lives, such as fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG), food production, pharmaceuticals, and the petroleum industry, are orchestrated on an industrial scale.
My curiosity in the realm of chemical manufacturing research was piqued during my undergraduate studies, setting the stage for my postgraduate degree in Chemical Engineering (MTech) at GGS IPU in New Delhi. Here, I delved deeper into the intricacies of this field, nurturing my academic and research pursuits.
Subsequently, I was granted the opportunity to pursue a PhD from the esteemed Department of Chemical Engineering at IIT Delhi. This doctoral journey was marked by exploration and investigation into various research domains, broadening my academic horizons.
What were some of the influences that led you to such an offbeat, unconventional and uncommon career?
Sustainability engineering, as a career path, is truly captivating and aligned with the pressing global challenges we face today, such as climate change and resource depletion. Engineers in this field, including professionals like me working at the USDA Forest Products Laboratory in Madison, WI, specialize in innovative problem-solving and the development of eco-friendly technologies. My focus on mass timber adds a unique dimension, as this sustainable construction material offers substantial environmental benefits. The interdisciplinary nature of sustainability engineering allows for collaboration with experts from diverse backgrounds, enabling them to actively contribute to emissions reduction, resource conservation, and overall sustainability goals. The increasing demand for sustainability experts across sectors and the potential for competitive salaries make this a promising career choice, while the intrinsic satisfaction of shaping a more sustainable future further underscores its appeal.
Furthermore, sustainability engineering continuously evolves, offering abundant opportunities for personal growth and intellectual engagement. Companies in this field often prioritize positive workplace cultures rooted in environmental responsibility and ethical principles. In a world increasingly focused on sustainability, careers in this dynamic and purpose-driven field are poised to remain relevant and provide professionals like you with the means to make a significant and lasting impact on the world.
Tell us about your career path
My professional journey has been an exciting and rewarding odyssey characterized by a deep commitment to sustainability, research, and innovative problem-solving.
During my PhD, I focused on crafting decision support frameworks tailored for biopharmaceutical processes, relying on mathematical programming and a range of decision support tools.
I used mathematical modeling and optimization software like GAMS for Mixed-Integer Linear/Nonlinear Programming (MILP/MINLP) models, using which I created a Decision Support Framework for Biopharmaceutical Processes. Meta-heuristic algorithms, including genetic algorithms and differential evolution, as a part of my research.
In the rapidly advancing biopharmaceutical industry, the development of therapeutic drugs like monoclonal antibodies, engineered proteins, and vaccines has brought substantial medical benefits, especially in treating autoimmune diseases. However, the intricacies of manufacturing these biopharmaceuticals, rooted in the biological nature of their components, pose significant challenges in maintaining product purity and quality control. The need for a robust decision support system for multiproduct biopharmaceutical facilities becomes paramount due to the heightened risks associated with clinical failures and the growing process variability. While computer-aided systems have made strides in assisting various facets of biopharmaceutical manufacturing, a critical gap remains in developing precise and comprehensive models that seamlessly integrate computer-aided design tools with mathematical optimization and scheduling, tailor-made for this industry.
Hence, this research’s primary objective is to tackle these complex challenges head-on by introducing innovative models and methodologies. These models aim to augment existing unit-specific event-based literature models, addressing inconsistencies such as early product delivery, the absence of initial setup time consideration, and issues related to upstream-downstream task mapping and storage sequencing. Moreover, the research extends its scope to encompass crucial features like minimum campaign length, multi-event shelf life constraints, material balance, sales, penalty constraints, and initial setup sequencing. Additionally, the study delves into the critical realm of maintenance scheduling for chromatography resins, a costly and pivotal element in biopharmaceutical manufacturing. By enhancing models across various facets of the biopharmaceutical process and seeking to bridge the divide between computer-aided tools and optimization techniques, this research strives to significantly enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of biopharmaceutical manufacturing. The proposed models are rigorously validated through practical case studies, demonstrating their utility and tangible benefits for real-world biopharmaceutical production processes.
In the biopharmaceutical industry, I also have practical experience in process scheduling using simulation tools like Super-pro/Schedule-pro. I have published publications and am skilled in programming languages like Python and R, high-performance computing (HPC), computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and a variety of software applications including CPLEX/GAMS, Microsoft Office, Microsoft Visio, and Chemical Engineering.
Prior to my experiences in the United States, I held the position of research associate at the United Arab Emirates University, situated in Abu Dhabi. My responsibilities there centered on the development of planning and scheduling models for batch and continuous processes, harnessing the potential of mathematical modeling and optimization tools. This stint contributed significantly to the diversification of my skill set, including proficiency in high-performance computing and expertise in mathematical programming and systems modeling.
In Abu Dhabi I have extended my PhD research and harnessed the power of operations research (OR) and mathematics to address critical challenges in the biopharmaceutical industry, specifically focusing on production planning, scheduling, and technoeconomic analysis. This work represents a vital contribution to the field, as biopharmaceutical manufacturing demands precision, efficiency, and optimization to ensure the timely delivery of high-quality products while managing complex constraints and uncertainties.
Drawing upon the foundations of operations research, I have collaborated with experts in the biopharmaceutical domain to meticulously formulate scheduling problems encountered in the industry. These problems involve intricate relationships among tasks, resources, time, and constraints, making them ideal candidates for mathematical modeling. Leveraging my expertise in OR, I have developed mathematical models that accurately represent these scheduling challenges. These models serve as the backbone of my research, enabling systematic analysis and optimization.
In particular, I have employed mathematical optimization techniques, including linear programming, integer programming, and mixed-integer programming, to tackle biopharmaceutical production planning and scheduling. These techniques are instrumental in seeking optimal or near-optimal schedules that align with the objectives set forth in the biopharmaceutical production process. Whether it is minimizing production costs, maximizing resource utilization, or optimizing production timelines, my research leverages the power of mathematics and OR to provide efficient and effective scheduling solutions.
Furthermore, I have extended my research to encompass technoeconomic analysis, recognizing the significance of evaluating the economic viability and sustainability of biopharmaceutical production processes. By combining mathematical modeling with economic considerations, I have created a holistic framework that not only optimizes production schedules but also assesses their economic implications. This integrated approach facilitates data-driven decision-making, empowering biopharmaceutical companies to make informed choices that balance production efficiency with economic feasibility.
In essence, my extended PhD research represents a convergence of operations research and mathematics in the realm of biopharmaceutical production planning and scheduling. By marrying these disciplines, I have contributed valuable insights and practical solutions to an industry that demands precision, efficiency, and economic viability in its scheduling and production processes. This work not only advances the state of the art in biopharmaceutical manufacturing but also underscores the essential role of OR and mathematics in shaping the future of this critical sector.
During my tenure at the USDA Forest Product Laboratory and University of Tennessee, I significantly expanded my skill set, delving into areas such as discrete and convex optimization, process system engineering, sustainable buildings and materials, and economics, all of which have further reinforced my dedication to sustainable practices.” This phase of my career marks a pivotal milestone, showcasing both my dedication to sustainability and the influence of professional networking platforms like LinkedIn in shaping one’s trajectory.
My project secures funding through a collaborative venture agreement between the USDA Forest Service Resources Planning Act Assessment Program, represented by the Forest Products Laboratory, and the School of Natural Resources at the University of Tennessee. This funding supports the project’s primary focus on advancing Mass Timber utilization within the United States.
In essence, my career has been a vibrant exploration of sustainability, research, and innovation. I’ve delved into the intricacies of mathematical modeling and optimization, always striving to find meaningful avenues to make a lasting impact on our world. My journey embodies the boundless potential that emerges when one combines a fervent passion for sustainability with an unwavering dedication to forging a better, more sustainable future for all.
How did you get your first break?
My academic pursuits also offered me the chance to broaden my global perspective. In 2019, during the course of my PhD, I had the privilege of traveling to Japan for a brief yet enriching period, further enriching my research experiences after my PhD. I embarked on a new chapter in Abu Dhabi, where I assumed the role of a postdoctoral researcher at the University of the United Arab Emirates.
What were some of the challenges you faced? How did you address them?
Challenge 1: How to navigate the financial challenges of pursuing higher education, particularly when scholarships were crucial for my academic journey, and how did I stay motivated throughout these hurdles?
Coming from a financially constrained background, pursuing higher education has always been a challenging endeavor for me. Relying on scholarships at various junctures became a necessity to sustain my academic pursuits. However, the uncertainty of securing these opportunities at critical moments added an extra layer of complexity to my journey.
Nevertheless, maintaining unwavering motivation proved to be the linchpin that carried me through these challenging times. Regardless of the obstacles, I remained committed to my educational goals, understanding that perseverance and determination were the driving forces propelling me forward. This tenacity has been my guiding light, illuminating a path towards academic and personal growth despite the financial constraints I’ve faced.
Challenge 2: Completing a PhD under the challenging circumstances of the pandemic, combined with the intricate nature of research at IIT Delhi.
Completing a PhD under the challenging circumstances of the pandemic, combined with the intricate nature of research at IIT Delhi, was undeniably a formidable task. However, my unwavering motivation and steadfast belief in the mantra “you can achieve anything in life” propelled me forward.
The year 2020 presented a unique set of hurdles. Despite not having a scholarship (for a period of 1 year and 3 months), I had to not only navigate the uncertainties brought about by the pandemic but also weather an economically challenging phase. This period of my academic journey tested my resilience and resourcefulness. It reinforced the idea that with determination, adaptability, and a strong sense of purpose, one can overcome even the most daunting obstacles. My experiences during this time have enriched me not only as a researcher but also as an individual, demonstrating the power of perseverance in the face of adversity.
Challenge 3: What steps can I take to secure opportunities as a sustainability engineer or consultant, enabling me to acquire the necessary knowledge and skills to make a meaningful impact on society through the application of sustainable practices?
The transformative power of YouTube and the Internet has been instrumental in helping me overcome challenges and expand my knowledge base. My journey into the world of sustainable practices and economics began during my time working in Abu Dhabi. Driven by a deep interest in sustainability, I embarked on an extensive online search to further my understanding of these vital subjects. In 2022, a significant turning point occurred when I secured a new role, largely thanks to networking on LinkedIn. During the interview process, I expressed my fervent desire to delve into sustainability-related work and to potentially shape a career in this field. To my delight, they recognized my passion and potential, granting me the opportunity to join their team, marking a pivotal moment in my professional journey.
Where do you work now? Please tell us about your current role
Currently, I am working with the USDA Forest Product Laboratory on a project focused on sustainable manufacturing methods for mass timber, an engineered wood product with applications in the construction industry, with the goal of reducing carbon emissions in the supply chain of consumer goods.
At present, I hold the position of Post-Doctoral Research Associate at the U.S. Forest Service and the University of Tennessee, based in Madison, Wisconsin. In this role, I’m actively involved in a significant project entitled “A Comprehensive Assessment of the Carbon Mitigation Impacts of the US Forest Sector Using Forecasting the Demand for Mass Timber, Its Socioeconomic Impact, and Environmental Benefit. This project revolves around the intricate evaluation of carbon mitigation impacts within the U.S. Forest sector, intertwined with the dynamics of mass timber demand and the ensuing socioeconomic and environmental ramifications.
I am actively engaged in multifaceted initiatives centered around sustainable manufacturing, architectural advancements, and economic considerations. These endeavors collectively contribute to my overarching mission of contributing to a sustainable future, not only for the United States but also for the broader global community.
What problems do you solve?
In my current role, I am fortunate to be involved in a diverse range of projects that revolve around the core theme of sustainability. These projects span various sectors, including the development of sustainable buildings with a strong focus on operational efficiency and reducing embodied carbon. Additionally, I actively contribute to initiatives centered on fostering sustainable supply chains. One particularly intriguing aspect of my work involves exploring economic development opportunities that arise as a direct result of implementing sustainable practices. This multifaceted engagement not only keeps me professionally engaged but also reinforces my commitment to making a meaningful impact on our world through the lens of sustainability.
What skills are needed for this kind of role? How did you acquire the skills?
Roles in the field of sustainability demand a diverse skill set encompassing a wide array of disciplines. These positions require proficiency in crucial areas such as Life Cycle Assessment, which evaluates the environmental impact of products and processes. Additionally, a solid grasp of Computable General Equilibrium modeling is invaluable for understanding the broader economic implications of sustainability initiatives. The role also draws upon various facets of engineering expertise, including but not limited to Architectural Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Environmental Engineering, as well as proficiency in technical fields like Computer Science. This dynamic blend of skills equips professionals in the sustainability field to tackle complex challenges and develop innovative solutions that pave the way for a more environmentally conscious and economically sustainable future.
Mathematical modeling plays a pivotal role in sustainability engineering, where the focus is on designing and managing systems, processes, and technologies that promote environmental, economic, and social sustainability. Firstly, mathematical models are instrumental in conducting environmental impact assessments. These models predict and quantify the potential environmental consequences of engineering projects and processes, encompassing emissions, pollutant concentrations, and resource consumption. By providing a quantitative understanding of these impacts, engineers can make informed decisions to mitigate negative environmental effects and enhance sustainability.
Secondly, mathematical modeling facilitates resource management in sustainability engineering. Engineers harness mathematical models to optimize the utilization of vital natural resources such as water, energy, and materials. These models aid in designing resource-efficient systems that minimize waste, conserve resources, and align with sustainability goals. For instance, they can optimize water distribution networks to reduce leakage or develop energy-efficient HVAC systems for buildings, reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions.
Lastly, mathematical modeling is integral to life cycle assessments (LCAs) in sustainability engineering. LCAs evaluate the environmental impact of a product or process throughout its entire life cycle, from raw material extraction to production, use, and disposal. Mathematical models are indispensable for conducting comprehensive LCAs, identifying opportunities for eco-friendly design, and guiding decision-making that prioritizes sustainability. In sum, mathematical modeling serves as a cornerstone of sustainability engineering, enabling quantitative analysis, optimization, and informed decision-making to drive environmental, economic, and social sustainability objectives forward.
What’s a typical day like?
In the daily routine of my work, I find myself stationed at my desk in Madison, Wisconsin, where I harness the power of technology to address critical global issues. With the aid of cutting-edge software and computational tools, I diligently calculate the impacts of global warming, design eco-friendly manufacturing processes, optimize supply chains for sustainability, and delve into intricate economic analyses. This work allows me to navigate the intersection of science, technology, and sustainability, striving to forge a path towards a more environmentally responsible and economically viable future.
Beyond the routine office tasks, our work occasionally takes us out into the field, affording us the unique opportunity to explore various forests throughout the United States. These field excursions serve as valuable experiences, enabling us to intimately acquaint ourselves with the diverse wildlife and intricate ecosystems thriving within these natural landscapes.
Beyond my work commitments in the USA, I’ve embraced a holistic approach to life that encompasses daily chores and personal well-being. Taking care of daily necessities like cooking, doing laundry, maintaining a clean-living space, and managing groceries has become an integral part of my routine. These tasks, while seemingly mundane, are essential for maintaining a balanced and fulfilling life.
On the weekends, I make it a point to indulge in the serene beauty of the lakeside. Exploring the natural surroundings, breathing in the fresh air, and appreciating the tranquility of the waterfront offers a welcome respite from the demands of the workweek. It’s a time for relaxation and rejuvenation, allowing me to recharge for the challenges ahead.
Staying healthy and active is a priority in my daily life. Regular running sessions not only contribute to physical fitness but also serve as a means of mental refreshment. The rhythm of each stride and the time spent outdoors provide an opportunity to clear my mind and maintain a healthy work-life balance.
In essence, my life in the USA is a harmonious blend of professional pursuits, daily responsibilities, and personal well-being. Balancing these aspects ensures that I not only excel in my career but also lead a fulfilling and wholesome life outside of work.
What is it you love about this job?
In a role like this, you have the potential to embark on a journey that extends far beyond your desk. While stationed in Madison, Wisconsin, your work transcends geographical boundaries, allowing you to virtually traverse the globe. Through your calculations and innovations, you contribute significantly to advancing societal progress on a global scale. Your endeavors have the power to shape a future where sustainable practices and environmental stewardship are not only the norm but also the driving force behind a more prosperous and equitable world. Working a career like this allows you to travel the world and greatly contribute to societal advancement.
How does your work benefit society?
My role as a researcher at the USDA Forest Products Laboratory in Madison, WI, specializing in sustainability engineering and mass timber, directly benefits society in numerous ways. As an integral part of this field, our work has a profound impact on our collective efforts to address critical global challenges, including climate change and resource depletion. By optimizing mass timber production, conducting comprehensive life cycle assessments, and improving its structural performance, I personally contribute to the development of sustainable and environmentally friendly building practices.
Our research informs policymakers and regulators about the immense potential of mass timber as a sustainable building material. Through my expertise and dedication, we actively shape policies that promote eco-conscious construction practices. This means that our efforts not only advance the science of mass timber but also accelerate its adoption, potentially revolutionizing the way we construct our cities. In my role within sustainability engineering, I am on the front lines of these vital endeavors, providing society with more sustainable and responsible alternatives for building communities while reducing our collective carbon footprint.
Tell us an example of a specific memorable work you did that is very close to you!
One of the most memorable and personally significant experiences during my tenure at the USDA was my involvement in quantifying environmental impacts for various construction materials, including mass timber, structural steel, and reinforced concrete. This project holds a special place in my heart, as it marked my first opportunity to take the lead and apply life cycle assessment principles within the construction industry. The knowledge I gained during this endeavor profoundly shaped my understanding of sustainability engineering and how it can drive positive change. The USDA provided me with the valuable time and resources to learn the necessary tools and methodologies, even though it took me some time to become proficient. Once I fully immersed myself in these practices, I was able to make a substantial contribution to our research efforts. For this growth and accomplishment, I owe immense gratitude to my mentors, Richard Bergman and Prakash Nepal, for entrusting me with this important work and for their invaluable guidance and support.
Your advice to students based on your experience?
I would wholeheartedly advise aspiring students to consider a career in sustainability engineering and economic research. This industry provides not only a career but also a significant chance to significantly impact the world. Being a sustainability engineer will put you at the forefront of efforts to address urgent global issues like resource depletion and climate change. It’s a vibrant, intellectually challenging professional path that promotes creative problem-solving and collaboration with subject-matter experts from many fields. Contributing to a future that is more sustainable and egalitarian will provide you with a great deal of personal satisfaction. Additionally, it is a potential career choice due to the rising need for sustainability specialists, excellent compensation, and the opportunity for ongoing education. Whether you wish to work on a global level or, like me, to go back to your home country to make a meaningful impact, sustainability engineering is a career path that combines passion with purpose and offers the potential to create lasting positive change in our world.
Future Plans?
After gaining a strong foundation in sustainability engineering and mass timber research during my postdoctoral tenure at the USDA Forest Products Laboratory in Madison, WI, my future plans are deeply rooted in applying this knowledge to benefit my home country, India. My objective is to leverage the expertise and insights I’ve gained to address the unique sustainability challenges and opportunities that India faces.
Upon returning to India, I envision several key initiatives:
Promoting Sustainable Construction: I will actively promote the adoption of sustainable building practices in India. By collaborating with local architects, engineers, and policymakers, I aim to influence the construction industry’s transition towards more eco-friendly and resource-efficient materials and techniques.
Research and Innovation: I will establish research projects and partnerships with Indian institutions to further explore the applications of mass timber in the Indian context. This includes conducting region-specific life cycle assessments, optimizing mass timber production for local conditions, and assessing structural performance in various environmental contexts.
Policy Advocacy: To facilitate sustainable construction on a broader scale, I intend to engage with government bodies and advocate for policies that incentivize and regulate sustainable building practices. This includes advocating for the use of sustainable materials like mass timber in government-funded projects.
Education and Awareness: I will play a role in raising awareness about sustainability and mass timber among the public, industry professionals, and students. This may involve conducting workshops, seminars, and educational programs to build a knowledgeable workforce passionate about sustainability.
Collaborative Initiatives: Collaborations with non-governmental organizations, industry associations, and academic institutions will be crucial. By working together, we can foster a culture of sustainability and accelerate the adoption of environmentally responsible practices in India’s construction sector.